The analyses show maximum amplification factors, defined in terms of Housner Intensity ratio for three periods range (0.1-0.5 0.5-1.0 and 1.0-2.0), as high as 2.2–2.4 over the period range of 0.1–1.0 s. This study highlights the role of local geological and geotechnical conditions producing amplification of seismic ground motion. Both artificial and natural accelerograms were then simulated to be compatible with the reference spectra associated to the three earthquake scenarios. The area of Rome is affected by earthquakes from different seismogenic districts: (1) the central Apennine mountain chain, located about 90–130km east of Rome (M = 6.7–7.0) (2) the Colli Albani volcanic area located 20km to the south of the city (M=5.5) and (3) the Rome area itself characterized by rare, shallow, low-magnitude events (M < 5). The explicit finite‐difference code FLAC3D (ITASCA Consulting group Inc., 2017) was used for numerical simulations. Detailed three-dimensional large-scale model was built in order to evaluate site response using dynamic numerical modelling approach. The study area is characterized by complex site conditions (stratigraphy, dynamic properties, surficial and buried morphology, etc). In this work we analyzed the three-dimensional seismic site response of the Central Archaeological Area of Rome, which includes the Palatine Hill, Roman Forum, and Coliseum area.
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